Conversion of the Vacuum-energy of Electromagnetic Zero Point Oscillations into Classical Mechanical Energy

Introduction

The name “vacuum“ is usually given to the space, out of which nothing can be taken with known methods. But it is well-known, that this vacuum is not empty, but it contains physical objects [Man 93], [Köp 97], [Lin 97], [Kuh 95]. This is also reflected within the Theory of
General Relativity, namely by the cosmological constant  , which finally goes back to the gravitative action of the “mere space” [Goe 96], [Pau 00], [Sch 02]. Its name “cosmological constant” indicates, that the universe contains huge amounts of space, which lead to measureable effects, namely it influences the universe's rate of expansion [Giu 00], [Rie 98], [Teg 02], [Ton 03], [e1]. The crucial question of course is, whether it is possible to develop new methods, which allow to extract something from the vacuum, which could not be extracted up to now – some of those objects not visible directly up to now.

Already from the mass-energy-equivalence it is known, that the physical objects within the vacuum correspond with a certain amount of energy. This leads to the question, whether the “vacuum-energy” (i.e. the “energy of the empty space”) can be made manifest in the laboratory. This question was answered positively in the work presented here. The description of the work begins with an explanation of the theoretical concepts in the sections 2 and 3, followed by an experimental verification in section 4, which describes the successful conversion of vacuum-energy into classical mechanical energy. Thus, the presented work introduces a new
method to extract energy from the vacuum.

The described energy conversion arises the hope, that vacuum-energy can be used to supply mankind with energy, because it provides possibility to get energy from the immense amount
of space which forms the universe, and which is large enough, that mankind will not be able to exhaust it. First of all, this source of energy is free from any pollution of the environment or from causing any damage to our habitat, the earth. Thus, in section 5 there are following some thoughts, regarding the future development of the energy-conversion method up to technical maturity.

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction...........................................................................................................................2
2. Philosophical background.....................................................................................................3
2.1. Static fields versus Theory of Relativity ........................................................................3
2.2. A circulation of energy of the electrostatic field ..........................................................10
2.3. A circulation of energy of the magnetostatic field .......................................................14
3. Theoretical fundament of the energy-flux...........................................................................20
3.1. Vacuum-energy in Quantum mechanics.......................................................................20
3.2. Connection with the classical model of vacuum-energy..............................................22
3.3. New microscopic model for the electromagnetic part of the vacuum-energy..............23
3.4. The energy-flux of electric and magnetic fields in the vacuum, regarded from the view
of QED’s zero point oscillations ........................................................................................30
3.5. Comparision of the QED-model with other models.....................................................33
4. Experiments to convert vacuum-energy into classical mechanical energy .........................36
4.1. Concept of an electrostatic rotor ..................................................................................36
4.2. First experiments for the conversion of vacuum-energy..............................................41
4.3. Experimental verification under the absence of gas-molecules ...................................50
4.4 “Over-unity“ criterion for the exclusion of artefacts.....................................................57
5. Outlook to the future...........................................................................................................68
5.1. Magnetic analogue with the electrostatic rotor ............................................................68
5.2. Rotor with rigidely fixed axis of rotation.....................................................................73
5.3. Outlook to imaginable applications..............................................................................80
6. Summary .............................................................................................................................83
7. References...........................................................................................................................84
7.1. External Literature .......................................................................................................84
7.2. Own publications in connection with the present work ...............................................90
7.3. Cooperations and private communication....................................................................92

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